Production Of Different Forms Research Articles

Distanciation as a technology of control in the UK hostile environment.

This article considers how distanciation, understood as the active production of different forms of distance as a method of control, is used to manage people racialised and criminalised as migrants within the UK's hostile environment. Analysing different policies introduced under the hostile environment agenda, as well as the more recent New Plan for Immigration, we argue distanciation is a key tactic that shapes these policies and their implementation as well as offers us insight into changing forms of governing migration. Drawing on the analysis of a wide range of policy documents, the paper attends to different forms of distanciation used as a method of control within the UK's wider hostile environment and then presents the results of a case-study of how distanciation is mobilised within the English National Health Service, under the Migrant and Visitor Cost Recovery Programme in particular, which was introduced in 2014 to ensure the NHS receives 'a fair contribution' from people racialised as migrants. Addressing different forms of distanciation such as - spatial, legal and emotional - we argue that the lens of distance can offer insights into how detachment - increasing distance between different agents in immigration law and border enforcement is an intentional design to control empathy, solidarity and resistance. Tracing ways these forms of distanciation are designed into legislative and administrative measures helps us better understand how hostile environment policies work as well as locating agencies and possibilities of resistance within different spaces, agents and subjects of bordering.

Farmers’ perceptions on organic fertilisers towards circularity – a case study in Sweden

ABSTRACT Adequate treatment of organic manures and digestates from livestock production should reduce environmental impacts and provide well-defined and attractive biofertlisers for a crop production market, which can promote the closure of the nutrient cycle in agriculture. In this sense, a survey was conducted during the autumn of 2021 to investigate Swedish farmers’ perspectives on organic fertilisers use. The survey consisted of an online questionnaire, which was distributed broadly in the social media, homepages, different types of networks and at course events in order to reach all types of farms. There were 22 questions focused on current use, reasons for current use and preferences for future use. The analysis of the 99 fully responded surveys, demonstrated that 43% of the respondents think that they will increase their use of organic fertilisers in the coming 5–10 years and 60% think that they will use manure digestate in different forms (both solid and liquid fractions). Soil improvement was the main reason to use organic fertilisers, but there were also preferences for organic fertilisers with fast release of nutrients. The risk of soil compaction was the main reason not to use organic fertilisers and based on the responses, pellets and granulates seem to be more interesting than liquids and solids in general. Animal manures dominate the current use of organic fertilisers in Sweden however, other types of organic waste such as digestate and digestate derived fertilisers seems appealing to Swedish farmers. In conclusion, from this survey with 62% of the respondees in crop production, we found several indications of that there is a potential for increased use of organic fertilisers in Sweden on farms with limited use today. We found an openness, a broad interest and a demand for different types of products of different forms and origin. Since this demand in the end will almost always depend on the price of products in relation to the price of mineral fertilisers, which are fluctuating, we see the need of policy incentives in order to stimulate initiatives for the development towards increased circularity of nutrients.

Artificial Intelligence Application in Bioethanol Production

Energy consumption from biofuels against fossil fuels over the past few years has increased. This is due to the availability of these resources for production of different forms of energy, and the environmental benefit in the utilization of these resources. Ethanol fuel production from biomass is a complex process of known challenges in the area of handling, optimizing, and future forecasting. The existence of modelling techniques like artificial intelligence (AI) is, therefore, necessary in the design, handling, and optimization of bioethanol production. The flexibility and high accuracy of artificial neural network (ANN), a machine learning technique, to solve intricate processes is beneficial in modelling pretreatment, fermentation, and conversion stages of a bioethanol production system. This paper reviews various AI techniques in bioethanol production giving emphasis on published articles in the past decade.

Graphene-based anti-corrosive coating on steel for reinforced concrete infrastructure applications: Challenges and potential

• State-of-the-art review of graphene coatings for infrastructure applications. • Critical comparison of monolithic, laminate, and nanocomposite graphene coatings. • Consideration of practical factors stability, scalability, cost, sustainability. • Nanocomposites have the strongest long-term anti-corrosion. • Graphene-based coating is promising for future research in steel rebar coating field. Steel corrosion has been a major perpetual issue of concern for durability and structural integrity of steel and reinforced concrete infrastructure. Polymeric, zinc-galvanic and chromate conversion coatings are commonly applied to protect typical steel materials such as structural steel, reinforcing steel bar (rebar), mild steel and light gauge steel used in infrastructure. Yet, due to physical integrity, long-term performance and environmental concerns, their applications have been limited. In recent years, graphene has garnered considerable attention in the field of anti-corrosive coatings and substantial progress has been achieved in the development of particular graphene-based monolithic (single/few-layer graphene and graphene oxides) as well as laminate and nanocomposite coatings. Despite considerable efforts dedicated towards fundamental research, the laboratory to industry transition of graphene-based anti-corrosive coatings remains challenging. To this end, this report reviews the state-of-the-art on graphene-based coating technology with application to steel surfaces and discusses, both, experimental studies and theoretical aspects. Specifically, this review presents (i) production of different forms of graphene-based materials and the coating process; (ii) corrosion resistance and anti-corrosive coating performance of graphene-coated steel materials, (iii) key potential areas and challenges pertaining to the application of graphene-based coating to structural steel and rebar; and (iv) potential future directions towards corrosion protection and smart coatings.

Swiss Medical Devices for Autologous Regenerative Medicine: From Innovation to Clinical Validation

Regenerative medicine, based on the use of autologous tissues and embryonic, stem or differentiated cells, is gaining growing interest. However, their preparation, in a manner compliant with good practices and health regulations, is a technical challenge. The aim of this manuscript is to present the design of reliable CE marked medical devices for the preparation of standardized platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and other autologous biologics intended for therapeutic uses. There are numerous PRP isolation processes. Depending on the methodology used, PRP composition varies greatly in terms of platelet concentration, platelet quality, and level of contamination with red and white blood cells. This variability in PRP composition might affect the clinical outcomes. The devices presented here are based on a specific technology, patented all over the world, that allows the precise separation of blood components as a function of their density using thixotropic separator gels in closed systems. This allows the preparation, in an automated manner, of leukocyte poor PRP with a standardized composition. Production of different forms of PRP is a clinical asset to suit various therapeutic needs. Therefore, we are offering solutions to prepare PRP either in liquid or gel form, and PRP combined with hyaluronic acid. These biologics have been successfully used in many different therapeutic domains, resulting in more than 150 published clinical studies. We also developed the CuteCell technology platform for cell culture expansion for further autologous cell therapies. This technology enables the safe and rapid in vitro expansion of cells intended for therapeutic use in good manufacturing practices (GMP) and autologous conditions, using blood-derived products as culture media supplementation. We summarize in this article our 20 years’ experience of research and development for the design of PRP devices and, more recently, for PRP combined with hyaluronic acid.

Eradication of Microplastics in Wastewater Treatment: Overview

Microplastics are small plastic with a size of less than 5mm in length. These microplastics are used in many types of products in different forms. In cosmetic and personal care products, they are present in microbeads forms. These microplastics enter the water systems through the products and create water pollution. Their presence in water is harmful to both terrestrial and aquatic organisms. An increase in microplastic production has been observed in recent decades, so there is a need for reliable and precise techniques for remediation of these microplastics because if remediation is not implemented, then there will be an accumulation of microplastic in water and thus harm the ecosystem. In this review article, different remediation strategies have been reviewed, such as technological methods, density-based approach, Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs), Hydrophobicity based approach has been reviewed, biotechnological methods, bioremediation, photodegradation, thermo oxidative degradation, Fenton Like system has been reviewed. These techniques help in solving the microplastic accumulation problems in the water, thus decreasing the microplastic pollution in water. The efficiency of removing the different types of microplastic has also been reviewed in this article.

Assessment of GPS/Galileo/BDS Precise Point Positioning with Ambiguity Resolution Using Products from Different Analysis Centers

Suffering from hardware phase biases originating from satellites and the receiver, precise point positioning (PPP) requires a long convergence time to reach centimeter coordinate accuracy, which is a major drawback of this technique and limits its application in time-critical applications. Ambiguity resolution (AR) is the key to a fast convergence time and a high-precision solution for PPP technology and PPP AR products are critical to implement PPP AR. Nowadays, various institutions provide PPP AR products in different forms with different strategies, which allow to enable PPP AR for Global Positioning System (GPS) and Galileo or BeiDou Navigation System (BDS). To give a full evaluation of PPP AR performance with various products, this work comprehensively investigates the positioning performance of GPS-only and multi-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) combination PPP AR with the precise products from CNES, SGG, CODE, and PRIDE Lab using our in-house software. The positioning performance in terms of positioning accuracy, convergence time and fixing rate (FR) as well as time to first fix (TTFF), was assessed by static and kinematic PPP AR models. For GPS-only, combined GPS and Galileo PPP AR with different products, the positioning performances were all comparable with each other. Concretely, the static positioning errors can be reduced by 21.0% (to 0.46 cm), 52.5% (to 0.45 cm), 10.0% (to 1.33 cm) and 21.7% (to 0.33 cm), 47.4% (to 0.34 cm), 9.5% (to 1.16 cm) for GPS-only and GE combination in north, east, up component, respectively, while the reductions are 20.8% (to 1.13 cm), 42.9% (to 1.15 cm), 19.9% (to 3.4 cm) and 20.4% (to 0.72 cm), 44.1% (to 0.66 cm), 10.1% (to 2.44 cm) for kinematic PPP AR. Overall, the positioning performance with CODE products was superior to the others. Furthermore, multi-GNSS observations had significant improvements in PPP performance with float solutions and the TTFF as well as the FR of GPS PPP AR could be improved by adding observations from other GNSS. Additionally, we have released the source code for multi-GNSS PPP AR, anyone can freely access the code and example data from GitHub.

Ratio the addition of soursop fruit extracts to several components of the quality sweet corn milk yogurt

Corn milk yogurt can be made so that the resulting types of fermented milk products in different forms. One ingredient that can be added is soursop fruit extract to increase levels of vitamin C because soursop fruit has a high Vitamin C content of 20.00 mg. This study aims to determine the effect of the ratio of the addition of soursop fruit extracts to several components of the quality of sweet corn milk yogurt. The research method used was an experimental method. This study was designed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with various treatments as follows: T1 = soursop fruit extract 0 ml + 250ml sweet corn milk, T2 = soursop fruit extract 12.5ml + sweet corn milk 237.5ml, T3 = 25ml soursop fruit extract + 225ml sweet corn milk, T4 = 37.5ml soursop fruit extract + 212.5ml sweet corn milk, T5 = 50ml soursop fruit extract + sweet corn milk 200ml. The research data were processed by analysis of diversity (Analysis of Variance) at 5% significance level and if there were treatments that had a significant effect, it was continued with BNJ test at 5% level. The results showed that the ratio of the addition of fruit extracts soursop has a significant effect on all parameters of chemical properties, namely lactic acid, pH value, vitamin C content and organoleptic properties, namely color, smell, taste and texture. The higher the ratio of the addition of soursop fruit extract, the higher levels of lactic acid and vitamin C levels while the pH value is lower. The higher the ratio of the addition of soursop fruit extracts, the color score of organoleptic values ​​with the criteria of cream, the taste with the criteria of very like and the smell with the criteria of very like while the thickness decreases with the criteria being rather thick. The best addition ratio of soursop fruit extract was obtained in T5 treatment, which was a mixture of 50 ml of soursop fruit extract with 200 ml Sweet corn.

Preparation and Characterization of the Electrospun Alginate Nanofibers

Due to some intrinsic functional behavior of alginate, many potential applications in the healthcare industry especially in wound care sector are observed. Many researches have been carried out to develop potential biomedical biocompatible products in different forms from alginate fibres. Alginate nanofibres were prepared from sodium alginate polymer with the presence of poly-(ethylene oxide) (PEO), a small amount of Triton ×100 surfactant. A homogeneous spinning solution was prepared for producing Na-alginate/PEO nanofibers in electrospinning device. Nanofibres were produced by electrospinning from 70:30 and 80:20 Na-alginate/PEO of 4% solution. After a series of trials, the electrospinning parameters were optimized at 16 cm working distance, 0.4 mL/h flow rate and 10.5 kV applied voltage. The results show that the 4 wt% of 70:30 Na-alginate/PEO solution with 0.5 wt% Triton × 100 surfactant yielded smooth and stable electrospinning. The surface morphology of the fibres was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and found the uniform fibres with an average diameter of 124 nm containing few thick or spindle-like fibres. FTIR investigation identified the chemical structure and molecular changes that occurred in the fibers.

An Eco-Logic of Change: the need for an Affective Re-valuation of Urban Space

This paper attempts to make a contribution to the growing awareness put forward in this special issue that we need to cultivate new ways of bringing the lived, felt qualities and atmosphere of urban spaces into city planning. The paper proposes thinking with the entanglements, atmospheric politics and qualities of this critical zone and its throwntogetherness of space through an exploration of how affective data might become instrumental in revaluing urban space attuned to an ecologic of change. In the paper, we will present a conceptual foundation for the work in relation to an ongoing collaboration with Byhaven pa Sundholm (the City Garden in Sundholm). We will focus on the production of different forms of affective data and how it might influence urban planning and technology design, and reflect on the methodological implications this has for our respective fields of inquiry; evental urbanism and affective interaction design.

Biomass energy in China's terrestrial ecosystems: Insights into the nation's sustainable energy supply

The energy stored in biomass, a key component of global sustainable energy, is essential for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, especially for climate change mitigation and energy security. However, it remains unknown how much energy is stored in the vegetation biomass of China's terrestrial ecosystems. Furthermore, the shortage of biomass has limited the development of China's bioeconomy and bioenergy industry, requiring us to seek more multi-source and sustainable biomass supplies. In view of this, through comprehensive investigations and systematic data integration (including biomass data, calorific value data, land cover data, climate data, etc.), we explored the gross biomass energy (BE) reserves and their spatiotemporal pattern based on a total of 14 vegetation types that account for 76.24% of China's land area. The theoretical potential of gross BE in China was estimated as 535.91 EJ in 2010, which was equivalent to 18.29 Gt standard coal. BE showed a trend of continuous increase from 1980 to 2060 and is expected to peak in 2030. Importantly, BE (per land area or per capita) was significantly negatively correlated with provincial development levels in China. Our findings indicate that China has abundant BE reserves, which have potential as feedstocks for the production of different forms of energy in the context of sustainable development. Furthermore, more advanced low-cost technologies, such as coal and biomass co-gasification, are expected to promote the transformation and upgradation of energy systems in China in the future.

Effect of Different Forms of Silicon on Growth of Spring Wheat Cultivated in Organic Farming System

Application of silicon (Si) could greatly boost wheat growth and yield by mitigating abiotic stress, especially drought.AimThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of silicon products in different forms and methods of its application on growth and yield of spring wheat cultivated under organic farming regime.MethodsA field experiment was conducted in the period of 2017–2018 on a research farm. The impact of different methods of application of powder and liquid forms of Si products to soil, leaves and combined methods of application (to soil and leaves) on growth parameters and yielding of spring wheat was evaluated. The treatments consisted of the recommended doses of two Si products - Adesil and ZumSil at 10 kg and 0.3 l/ha, respectively. The effect of silicon was assessed by measuring emergence and height of plants, number and weight of ears, as well as the SPAD index and yield.ResultsThe number of plants emergence (316–321 seedlings per 1 m2), the number of spikes and the height of plants were the highest after application of the liquid form of silicon, regardless of the method of application. The yield was statistically higher after the combined and foliar applications of liquid form of silicon (4.97 and 4.84 t/ha, respectively). The powder silicon form was similar effective when was used as the combined application (to soil and leaves) (5.35 t/ ha).ConclusionsSi stimulates growth of wheat enhancing number of ears and plant height, increases yields of organically grown spring wheat, a liquid Si formulation (solution of monosilicic acid) is more effective than a powder Si formulation (diatomaceous earth). Soil and foliar Si application is more effective than soil or foliar application.

Exploring the Potential of Graphene as an EMI Shielding Material – An Overview

Graphene- 2D, single layered, one atom thick material has gained high importance as an electromagnetic interference shielding material due to its superior electrical property and large aspect ratio.It is an allotrope of carbon with sp2 configuration that exhibits excellent mechanical and thermal properties. Graphene have been used as electromagnetic interference shielding material in the form of ultrathin flexible film, paper, laminates, microcellular foams, sheets etc. Electromagnetic shielding efficiency of graphene can be as high as 135 dB, whereas the commercial applications requirement is only 20 dB. The present review work mainly focuses on the use of graphene as an EMI shielding materialin composites, free standing films, foams and aerogels. This study also reviews the use of different dopants to dope graphenethat can be used as EMI shielding material. Methods of production of different forms of graphene and mechanisms of EMI shielding have been briefly discussed in the current review. The study reveals that the highest EMI SE is exhibited by graphene aerogels, as high as 135 dB. The study explores the effective use of graphene as an EMI shielding material in various electronic devices. Despite possessing many superior properties, few limitations that exist to the usage of grapheme have also been listed out in this review

Consumer Attitudes Towards Goat Milk and Goat Milk Products: A Pilot Survey in South East of Turkey

Recent years, the increased consumer awareness on healthy food consumption and interest on traditional foods has affected goat milk and goat milk products demand positively. In this study it is aimed to identified the consumer behaviour and consumption tendencies on goat milk and goat milk products. In this context, it was designed a face-to-face survey and conducted to 518 individuals in the two south-east located cities of Turkey, Adana and Mersin. The results show that, almost 50% of the customers are consuming goat milk and its products in different forms. It is also determined that, price, health, nutrition value, digestion convenience and availability are the most effective factors on goat milk and its products consumption and purchase behaviour. Within the goat milk products, consumers are mostly preferring to consume goat cheese and they are mainly using supermarkets as the place of purchase.

A FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE EM GÊNERO E A CRÍTICA AO PATRIARCADO: SUBORDINAÇÕES E RESISTÊNCIAS DE MULHERES PROFESSORAS

Este artigo reflete sobre as possíveis influências do curso Gênero e Diversidade na Escola (GDE), na compreensão de professoras de Ensino Fundamental sobre as diferentes formas de ser mulher e de ser professora, sob o ponto de vista das relações de gênero. O curso foi ofertado em 2009 pela Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), campus de Rio Claro. A partir dos relatos dessas mulheres, obtidos por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, foi possível notar um movimento de reprodução dos processos socializadores tradicionais e, ao mesmo tempo, de resistência e denúncia da influência da sociedade patriarcal na produção de diferentes formas de ser mulher e de ser professora. A contradição presente nesses relatos demonstra o caráter inovador de cursos voltados para a formação de professoras em gênero, bem como sobre aspectos que ainda precisam ser pensados e revisados.

Safety evaluation of 3′-siallylactose sodium salt supplementation on growth and clinical parameters in neonatal piglets

Sialyllactose (SL) is an abundant oligosaccharide in human milk with health benefits that include intestinal maturation, gut microbiota modulation, and cognitive development. Recent technological advances support large scale production of different forms of sialyllactose, which will enable their use as a food ingredient. The objective of the study was to investigate the dose-dependent effects of novel enzymatically-synthesized 3′-sialyllactose (3′SL) sodium salt supplemented to swine milk replacer on growth, hematological parameters and tissue histology in a pre-clinical neonatal pig model. Forty-five two-day-old male and female pigs were provided one of four experimental diets for 21 days. Diets were formulated to contain 0 (CON), 140 (LOW), 200 (MOD) or 500 (HIGH) mg/L of 3′SL sodium salt. Samples were collected on days 8 and 22 of the study for hematological and histological analyses. The addition of 3′SL sodium salt to formula at all doses was well-tolerated by neonatal piglets and supported growth and development comparable to those observed in the CON group. In addition, serum chemistries as well as hematology and organ microscopic structure were unaffected by 3′SL (p > 0.05). These data provide supportive evidence for the safety of supplementation of this enzymatically-synthesized 3′SL sodium salt to human infant formula.

A Comparative Study of Y Zeolite Catalysts Derived from Natural and Commercial Silica: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Performance

Hydrothermal synthesis process of the zeolite type Y and production of different forms (i.e., NaY, \(\hbox {NH}_{4}\hbox {Y}\), and HY) were accomplished. Both natural silica nanoparticles derived from rice husk (RH) and commercial Ludox as a source of silica were applied for preparing a number of type NaY zeolite catalysts. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adding different weight percentages of natural and/or commercial silica into either seed gel or feedstock gel on the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic performance of Y zeolite. A high purity of nanosilica (about 98.9 wt%) was generated using the precipitation method, followed by burning to reduce the metallic ingredients from rice husk ash (RHA). The thermal behavior of the RH was investigated by TGA, while the composition of nanosilica and the chemical analysis of RHA after acid treatment were analyzed by XRF. In addition, the properties of catalysts were characterized using XRD, BET, SEM, EDX, AAS, and FTIR. The catalytic activity and selectivity of prepared Y catalysts were studied using the laboratory-scale fixed-bed catalytic cracking unit throughout the \(\hbox {C}_{6}\hbox {H}_{14}\) cracking reaction at 450 \({^{\circ }}\hbox {C}\). The results indicate significant enhancements in the catalytic performance of the produced nanosilica catalyst created by adding only natural silica in both feedstock gel and seed gel for the preparation of overall Y zeolite gel.

PCL and PCL-based materials in biomedical applications

Biodegradable polymers have met with an increasing demand in medical usage over the last decades. One of such polymers is poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), which is a polyester that has been widely used in tissue engineering field for its availability, relatively inexpensive price and suitability for modification. Its chemical and biological properties, physicochemical state, degradability and mechanical strength can be adjusted, and therefore, it can be used under harsh mechanical, physical and chemical conditions without significant loss of its properties. Degradation time of PCL is quite long, thus it is used mainly in the replacement of hard tissues in the body where healing also takes an extended period of time. It is also used at load-bearing tissues of the body by enhancing its stiffness. However, due to its tailorability, use of PCL is not restricted to one type of tissue and it can be extended to engineering of soft tissues by decreasing its molecular weight and degradation time. This review outlines the basic properties of PCL, its composites, blends and copolymers. We report on various techniques for the production of different forms, and provide examples of medical applications such as tissue engineering and drug delivery systems covering the studies performed in the last decades.

Reading in Biology Classes—A Different Teaching Activity

It is unthinkable to discuss learning without thinking of the merited prominence of reading and writing, since these are the essential actions for the production of different forms of systematized knowledge, among which is scientific knowledge. From this perspective, the present work proposes answering the following question: to what extent can the proposed pedagogy called reciprocal teaching aid in the development of the abilities of reading and interpretation of scientific texts? The discussion of a text found in a biology textbook was organized around four moments: questioning, summarizing, predicting and clarifying. The analysis of the data shows that the collective work helped in the comprehension of the text and, especially, in the understanding of the meaning of some scientific terms and permitted a deeper and more complex analysis of the text. This would hardly occur in a polarized reading situation in which the professor would present the expected interpretation.

An economic analysis of mulberry cultivation and cocoon production in non-traditional area

Sericulture is a farm based, labor intensive and economic activity supporting farm families and cottage and small scale sector. Being one of the important sector in Indian economy it checks poverty and migration. Sericulture involves a series of activities like mulberry cultivation, cocoon production, silk reeling and the products in different forms. Sericulture is not only limited to the few areas where it is been intensively practiced called traditional areas but also for non-traditional areas. This study aims to know the profitability of mulberry cultivation and cocoon production by using primary data collected from 120 farmers of North Karnataka, India. The cost of mulberry cultivation per acre worked out to be 12699.82/-for rearing 300 Disease Free Laying (DFL's) of which 77.95 per cent is composed of variable component mainly human labour and the rest is fixed component. The gross returns on selling of mulberry leaves and stalks amounts 9472.91/-. So it is not profitable to cultivate mulberry for selling leaves instead one could rear the silkworm by purchasing leaves, but availability of mulberry leaves during all times is not assured. The cost of rearing 100 DFL's is worked out to be 33738.84/-and returns amounts 38604.96/-with a marginal net returns of 4866.12/-. The lower net returns attributed to lower prices due to poor established markets in non-traditional areas and low productivity (cocoon yield per 100 DFL's) i.e. 59.02 kg compared to traditional areas i.e. 90.00 kg.